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Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
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Bone Disorders
Anatomy of the Bone
Anatomy of the Bone What is bone? Bone is living tissue that makes up the body's skeleton. There are three types of bone tissue, including the following: Compact tissue. The harder, outer tissue of bones. Cancellous tissue. The sponge-like tissue inside bones. Subchondral tissue. The smooth tissue at the ends of bones, which is covered with another type of tissue called cartilage. Cartilage is the specialized, gristly connective tissue that is present in adults, and the tissue from which most bones deve...
Avascular Necrosis
Avascular Necrosis What is avascular necrosis? Avascular necrosis is a disease that results from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. It is also called osteonecrosis, aseptic necrosis, or ischemic bone necrosis. When blood supply is cut off, the bone tissue dies and the bone collapses. If avascular necrosis occurs near a joint, collapse of the joint surface may occur. Avascular necrosis may occur in any bone, but most commonly occurs in the ends of a long bone. It may affect one ...
Benign Bone Tumors
Benign Bone Tumors There are many benign bone tumors that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Chondroblastoma Enchondroma Giant Cell Tumor Osteochondroma
Bone Cancers
Bone Cancers There are many bone cancers that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Chondrosarcoma Ewing Sarcoma Myeloma Bone Disease / Multiple Myeloma Osteosarcoma
Bone Disorders
Bone Disorders There are many bone disorders that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Avascular Necrosis Fibrous Dysplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteomyelitis Paget's Disease of the Bone Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Chondroblastoma
Chondroblastoma What is chondroblastoma? Sometimes called Codman's tumor, a chondroblastoma is a rare type of benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that originates from cartilage. Cartilage is the specialized, gristly connective tissue and the tissue from which most bones develop. Cartilage plays an important role in the growth process. There are many different types of cartilage that are present throughout the body. Chondroblastoma most often affects the ends of the long bones, near the growth plate, in the...
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma What is chondrosarcoma? Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in cartilage cells. Cartilage is the specialized, gristly connective tissue that is present in adults and the tissue from which most bones develop. Cartilage plays an important role in the growth process. There are many different types of cartilage that are present throughout the body. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant type of bone cancer that primarily affects the cartilage cells of the femur (thighbone), arm, pelvis, a...
Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders
Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders How are bone disorders diagnosed? In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for bone disorders may include the following: Laboratory tests for blood, urine, and other body fluids X-ray. A diagnostic test that uses invisible energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film. Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan). A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of...
Enchondroma
Enchondroma What is an enchondroma? An enchondroma is a type of benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that originates from cartilage. Cartilage is the specialized, gristly connective tissue from which most bones develop. Cartilage plays an important role in the growth process. There are many different types of cartilage throughout the body. An enchondroma most often affects the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones. The bones most often involved with this benign tumor are the miniature long bones of t...
Ewing Sarcoma in Adults
Ewing Sarcoma in Adults What is Ewing sarcoma? Ewing sarcoma is a cancer that occurs primarily in the bone or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone, but it most often it is found in the long bones such as the femur (thigh), tibia (shin), or humerus (upper arm). It can involve the muscle and the soft tissues around the tumor as well. Ewing sarcoma cells can also spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body including the bone marrow, lungs, kidneys, heart, adrenal gland, and other soft tissu...
Fibrous Dysplasia
Fibrous Dysplasia What is fibrous dysplasia? Fibrous dysplasia is a chronic disorder in which bone expands due to abnormal development of fibrous tissue, often resulting in one, or more, of the following: Uneven growth of bones Pain Brittle bones Bone deformity Any bone can be affected. More than one bone can be affected at any one time, and, when multiple bones are affected, it is not unusual for them to all be on one side of the body. However, fibrous dysplasia does not spread from one bone to another...
Giant Cell Tumor
Giant Cell Tumor What is a giant cell tumor? A giant cell tumor is one that is made up of a large number of benign (noncancerous) cells that form an aggressive tumor, usually near the end of the bone near a joint. The location of a giant cell tumor is often in the knee, but can also involve the bones of the arms and the legs, or the flat bones such as the sternum (breastbone) or pelvis. Giant cell tumors most often occur in young adults when skeletal bone growth is complete. Most occur in the long bones...
Glossary - Bone Disorders
Glossary - Bone Disorders | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] Adhesions - abnormal bands of tissue that grow between joint surfaces, restricting motion. Allodynia - pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain. Analgesia - absence of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful. Antibody - a special protein produced by the body's immune...
Home Page - Bone Disorders
Topic Index All About Bone Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders Treatments for Bone Disorders Bone Disorders Bone Cancers Benign Bone Tumors Glossary Bone is living tissue that provides shape and support for the body, as well as protection for some organs. Bone also serves as a storage site for minerals and provides the medium - marrow - for the development and storage of blood cells. Because the functions of bone are numerous and complex, there are many disorders that require clinical care by a phy...
Myeloma Bone Disease / Multiple Myeloma
Myeloma Bone Disease / Multiple Myeloma What is myeloma bone disease? Myeloma bone disease is cancer that affects certain white blood cells called plasma cells. It represents about 1 percent of all cancers in the United States, and about four to five out of every 100,000 people are diagnosed with it each year. Plasma cells, and other white blood cells, are part of the immune system. Plasma cells produce antibodies--immune system proteins that assist the body in ridding itself of harmful substances. Each...
Online Resources - Bone Disorders
Online Resources - Bone Disorders This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contai...
Osteochondroma
Osteochondroma What is osteochondroma? Also called osteocartilaginous exostoses, osteochondroma is an overgrowth of cartilage and bone near the end of the bone near the growth plate. This type of overgrowth can occur in any bone where cartilage eventually forms bone. Most commonly, it affects the long bones in the leg, the pelvis, or scapula (shoulder blade). Osteochondroma is the most common benign (noncancerous) bone growth. The lesion usually occurs during skeletal growth between the ages of 10 and 3...
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta What is osteogenesis imperfecta? Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle-bone disease, is a genetic (inherited) disorder characterized by bones that break easily without a specific cause. An estimated 20,000 to 50,000 people in the U.S. have this disease. OI can affect males and females of all races. What causes osteogenesis imperfecta? The cause of OI is believed to be due to a genetic defect that causes imperfectly-formed, or an inadequate amount of, bone collagen--...
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis What is osteomyelitis? Osteomyelitis is an inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection. Bone infection may occur for many different reasons and can affect children or adults. Some of the causes of osteomyelitis include the following: Osteomyelitis may occur as a result of a bacterial bloodstream infection, sometimes called bacteremia, or sepsis, that spreads to the bone. This type is most common in infants and children and usually affects their long b...
Osteomyelitis (Bone Infection)
Osteomyelitis (Bone Infection) Osteomyelitis is the medical term for a bone infection. Bone infections are caused when a break in the skin allows germs, usually bacteria, to spread into bone tissue. Bacteria can also spread from infections in other parts of the body by traveling through the blood to infect a bone. Causes and risk factors for osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis can be acute or chronic. Acute osteomyelitis is a new bone infection that develops in about two weeks' time. It's more common in childre...
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma What is osteosarcoma? Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that usually develops in the osteoblast cells that form bone. It occurs most often in children, adolescents, and young adults. Approximately 800 new cases of osteosarcoma are reported each year in the U.S. Of these cases, 400 are in children and teens. It occurs slightly more often in males than in females. Osteosarcoma most commonly occurs in the long bones around the knee. Other sites for osteosarcoma include the upper leg, or th...
Paget Disease of the Bone
Paget Disease of the Bone What is Paget disease of the bone? Paget disease of the bone is a chronic bone disorder in which bones become enlarged and deformed. Bone may become dense, but fragile, because of excessive breakdown and deformation of bone. The disease is the most common bone disorder after osteoporosis in people over age 50. What causes Paget disease of the bone? The exact cause of Paget disease of the bone is unknown, but it is suggested to be due to a slow viral infection of bone and may in...
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism What is primary hyperparathyroidism? Primary hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder in which one (or more) of the parathyroid glands produces too much parathyroid hormone, which can result in the loss of bone tissue. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism affects about 100,000 people in the U.S. each year, and is more prevalent in women than in men. A function of the parathyroid hormone is to keep bl...
Topic Index - Bone Disorders
Topic Index - Bone Disorders Bone Disorders Home Anatomy of the Bone Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders Treatments for Bone Disorders Bone Disorders Avascular Necrosis Fibrous Dysplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis (Bone Infection) Paget's Disease of the Bone Primary Hyperparathyroidism Bone Cancers Chondrosarcoma Ewing Sarcoma Myeloma Bone Disease / Multiple Myeloma Osteosarcoma Benign Bone Tumors Chondroblastoma Enchondroma Giant Cell Tumor Osteochondroma Glossary
Treatments for Bone Disorders
Treatments for Bone Disorders Specific treatment for a bone disorder will be determined by your doctor based on: Your age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference Treatment may include: Assistive devices (for example, casts or crutches) Core decompression. A surgical procedure in which the inner layer of bone is removed to reduce pressure, allow for in...
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