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Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
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Eye Care
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects an individual's central vision. AMD is the most common cause of severe vision loss among people over 60. Because only the center of vision is affected, people rarely go blind from this disease. However, AMD can make it difficult to read, drive, or perform other daily activities that require fine, central vision. AMD occurs when the macula, which is locat...
Anatomy of the Eye
Anatomy of the Eye Click Image to Enlarge Click Image to Enlarge Anterior chamber - the front section of the eye's interior where aqueous humor flows in and out, providing nourishment to the eye and surrounding tissues. Aqueous humor - the clear watery fluid in the front of the eyeball. Blood vessels - tubes (arteries and veins) that carry blood to and from the eye. Caruncle - a small, red portion of the corner of the eye that contains modified sebaceous and sweat glands. Choroid - the thin, blood-rich ...
Avoiding Eye Injuries
Avoiding Eye Injuries How to prevent eye injuries: Eye injuries affect an estimated 2.5 million people every year. Consider these reminders from Prevent Blindness America: At home or outside: Wash your hands after using household chemicals. Ensure there are no sharp corners on the edges of furnishing and home fixtures. Wear chemical safety goggles when using hazardous solvents and detergents, and do not mix cleaning agents. Turn spray nozzles away from your face. Read and follow directions when opening ...
Cataracts and Cataract Surgery
Cataracts and Cataract Surgery What is a cataract? A cataract is a clouding or opaque area over the lens of the eye – an area that is normally transparent. As this thickening occurs, it prevents light rays from passing through the lens and focusing on the retina – the light sensitive tissue lining located in the back of the eye. This clouding is caused when some of the protein which makes up the lens begins to clump together and interferes with vision. In its early stages, a cataract may not cause a pro...
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion When one of the vessels that carry blood to your eye's retina gets blocked, this can cause painless but usually sudden vision loss in one eye. Doctors call this a central retinal artery occlusion, or CRAO. Click Image to Enlarge Your retina is the layer of nerves at the back of the inner eye that sense light. Like a tiny video camera, the retina transforms images into electrical signals that are carried through the optic nerve to the brain. If an occlusion, or blockage o...
Common Eye Disorders
Common Eye Disorders What are some common eye disorders? The following list provides a brief description of several common eye disorders. Consult your physician or an ophthalmologist or optometrist for more information. Age-Related Macular Degeneration is the breaking down, or degeneration, of the macula area of the retina of the eye. Amblyopia is reduction or dimming of vision in an eye that appears to be normal. Astigmatism is a condition in which an abnormal curvature of the cornea can cause two foca...
Correcting or Improving Vision Problems
Correcting or Improving Vision Problems With today's advanced technology, there are many different approaches now available to help correct or improve a variety of vision problems. Listed below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview: Eye Glasses and Contact Lenses Corrective Eye Surgeries for Refractive Errors Low Vision Devices
Corrective Eye Surgery for Refractive Errors
Corrective Eye Surgery for Refractive Errors Surgery for correcting or improving refractive errors Clear vision depends on how well the cornea and lens permit light rays to fall onto the retina. Light rays must be refracted (bent) to focus on the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, which creates impulses from the light rays that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. If the cornea or eye shape is abnormal, vision can become blurry because light d...
Cosmetic Safety for Contact Lens Wearers
Cosmetic Safety for Contact Lens Wearers What eye hazards may be associated with cosmetic use? According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Optometric Association, cosmetics are among some of the most common sources of problems for contact lens wearers. Misusing cosmetics can lead to severe adverse reactions, including: Deposits on the lens Eye irritation Allergy Injury Infection Dryness What safety practices should take place? There are safety measures for choosing, applying, and...
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy What eye problems are often associated with diabetes? Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that people with diabetes may face as complications. All can cause severe vision loss or even blindness. Fortunately, diabetic eye disease often can be treated before vision loss occurs. All people with diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Diabetic eye diseases include: Diabetic retinopathy Cataract Glaucoma Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye...
Eye Care Specialists
Eye Care Specialists What is an ophthalmologist? An ophthalmologist is either a medical doctor (M.D.) or an osteopathic physician (D.O.) who specializes in comprehensive eye care and provides examinations, diagnosis, and treatment for a variety of eye disorders. Ophthalmologists are skilled in all facets of eye care, from prescribing eyeglasses or contact lenses to performing intricate eye surgery. Many also choose to specialize in one particular disease or portion of the eye (i.e., glaucoma specialist ...
Eye Disorders
Eye Disorders There are many disorders of the eye that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some of the conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Eye Disorders Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Cataracts Diabetic Retinopathy Glaucoma Refractive Errors Retinitis Pigmentosa
Eye Examinations
Eye Examinations When are eye examinations necessary? During an eye exam, an eye doctor reviews your medical history and completes a series of tests to determine the health of your eyes. The information from an eye exam may lead to medical procedures or prescriptions. Eye examinations should take place periodically as follows: before age 3 All children should have their eyes checked before age three. If there is family history of childhood vision problems, or if the child has a wandering, crossed, or ot...
Eye Safety
Eye Safety There are many important safety considerations when it comes to avoiding eye injuries. Listed below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview: Avoiding Eye Injuries Cosmetic Safety for Contact Lens Wearers Eye Safety at the Computer First-Aid for Eyes
Eye Safety at the Computer
Eye Safety at the Computer Eye strain and computer use The following are the most common symptoms of eye strain, which may be attributed to prolonged computer screen viewing. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Red, watery, irritated eyes Tired, aching, or heavy eyelids Problems with focusing Muscle spasms of the eye or eyelid Headache Backache Symptoms of eye strain are often relieved by resting the eyes, changing the work environment, and/or wearing the ...
Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses
Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses Lenses for correcting or improving vision: There are two types of lenses prescribed for correcting or improving vision. These include: Eyeglasses (also called spectacles) Eyeglasses, the most common form of eyewear used to correct or improve many types of vision problems, are a frame that holds two pieces of glass or plastic, which have been ground into lenses to correct refractive errors. Refractive errors can include nearsightedness or myopia (difficulty seeing far away),...
First-Aid for Eyes
First Aid for Eyes To lessen the risk of permanent damage caused by eye injuries, it is important to treat eye injuries immediately. Consult your ophthalmologist or optometrist as soon as possible. First aid for cuts in or around the eye: Bandage the eye gently. Do not rub the eye or apply pressure. Do not try to remove any particles. Do not wash out the eye. First aid when foreign particles enter the eye: Pull the upper lid down onto lower lid and let lower eyelashes sweep away the particle by blinking...
Glaucoma
Glaucoma What is glaucoma? Glaucoma is a condition in which the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes (intraocular pressure, or IOP) slowly rises as a result of the fluid aqueous humor – which normally flows in and out of the eye – not being able to drain properly. Instead, the fluid collects and causes pressure damage to the optic nerve (a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that connects the retina with the brain) and loss of vision. What causes glaucoma? While physicians used to think that hig...
Glossary - Eye Care
Glossary - Eye Care | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] Accommodation - the ability of the eye to focus. Amblyopia - sometimes called "lazy eye," is the reduction or dimming of vision in an eye that appears to be normal. Amsler grid - a chart featuring horizontal and vertical lines used to test vision. Anterior chamber - the front section of the eye's interior where a...
Home Page - Eye Care
Topic Index Anatomy of the Eye Eye Care Specialists Eye Examinations Correcting or Improving Vision Eye Disorders Eye Safety Glossary According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, many sight-threatening diseases, if detected early, can be cured or treated to prevent, or slow, the progression of any vision loss. The most important preventive step is receiving routine examinations by a qualified eye care professional. Children should receive their first comprehensive eye examination before the age o...
Low-Vision Devices
Low-Vision Devices What is low vision? Low vision is a condition that involves a minimal ability to see (particularly central vision) that is unresolved or uncorrected with traditional eyeglasses, contact lens, intraocular lens implants, or corrective surgery. However, in some cases, persons with low vision may be aided with special visual devices. What causes low vision? There are a variety of different causes of low vision, including, but not limited to, the following: Macular degeneration (the most c...
Online Resources - Eye Care
Online Resources - Eye Care This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains lin...
Refractive Errors
Refractive Errors What is normal vision? In order to better understand how refractive errors affect our vision, it is important to understand how normal vision occurs. For persons with normal vision, the following sequence takes place: Click Image to Enlarge Light enters the eye through the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. From the cornea, the light passes through the pupil. The amount of light passing through is regulated by the iris, or the colored part of your ...
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinitis Pigmentosa What is retinitis pigmentosa? Retinitis pigmentosa is actually the name given to a group of hereditary eye disorders, all of which involve the eye's retina, the light-sensitive nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, and all of which cause a gradual, yet progressive, loss or reduction in visual ability. What causes retinitis pigmentosa? Retinitis pigmentosa is caused by a variety of different inherited retinal defects - all of which affect the ability of the retina to sense ligh...
Topic Index - Eye Care
Topic Index - Eye Care Eye Care Home Anatomy of the Eye Eye Care Specialists Eye Examinations Correcting or Improving Vision Eye Glasses and Contact Lenses Corrective Eye Surgeries for Refractive Errors Low Vision Devices Eye Disorders Overview of Eye Disorders Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Cataracts Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Diabetic Retinopathy Glaucoma Refractive Errors Retinitis Pigmentosa Eye Safety Avoiding Eye Injuries Cosmetic Safety for Contact Lens Wearers Eye Safety at the Com...
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