| Share This Page |
| Facebook |
|
| Twitter |
|
| Google + |
|
| LinkedIn |
|
|
|
|
Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Pediatrics
Acne in Children
Acne in Children What is acne? Acne is a disorder of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. With acne, the sebaceous glands are clogged, which leads to pimples and cysts. Acne is very common - nearly 80 percent of individuals in the US between 11 and 30 years old will be affected by this condition at some point. Acne most often begins in puberty. During puberty, the male sex hormones (androgens) increase in both boys and girls, causing the sebaceous glands to become more active - resulting in increase...
Age-Appropriate Speech and Hearing Milestones
Age-Appropriate Speech and Hearing Milestones Hearing develops early in fetal development and is fully functioning at birth. While children respond differently at different stages of growth and development, hearing problems may be suspected in children who are not responding to sounds or who are not developing their language skills appropriately. The following are some age-related guidelines that may help to decide if your child is experiencing hearing problems. It is important to remember that not ever...
Age-Appropriate Speech and Language Milestones
Age-Appropriate Speech and Language Milestones The ability to hear is essential for proper speech and language development. Hearing problems may be suspected in children who are not responding to sounds or who are not developing their language skills appropriately. The following are some age-related guidelines that may help to decide if your child is experiencing hearing problems. It is important to remember that not every child is the same, and children reach milestones at different ages. Consult your ...
Airway Obstruction
Airway Obstruction Airway obstruction, which includes choking, suffocation, and strangulation, prevents oxygen from entering the lungs and brain. Lack of oxygen to the brain for more than four minutes may result in brain damage or death. Airway obstruction can occur when children choke on an object that is blocking the airway, suffocate on items that block or cover the airways, or strangle themselves with items that become wrapped around their necks. Infants and children under age 4 are particularly at ...
All About Asthma in Children
All About Asthma in Children What is asthma? Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory disease in which the airways become sensitive to allergens (any substance that triggers an allergic reaction). Several things happen to the airways when a child is exposed to certain triggers: The lining of the airways becomes swollen and inflamed The muscles that surround the airways tighten The production of mucus is increased, leading to mucus plugs All of these factors will cause the airways to narrow, thus making it diff...
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic Rhinitis What is allergic rhinitis? Rhinitis is a reaction that occurs in the nose when airborne irritants (allergens) trigger the release of histamine. Histamine causes itching, inflammation, and fluid or mucous production in the fragile linings of nasal passages, sinuses, and eyelids. There is usually a family history of allergic rhinitis. What are the types of allergic rhinitis? The two categories of allergic rhinitis include: Seasonal. This type occurs particularly during pollen seasons. Pe...
Allergies
Allergies Allergies are among the most common heath problems, with more than 50 million people afflicted with asthma, seasonal hay fever, or other allergy-related conditions each year. Allergies can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, race, or socioeconomic class. Generally, allergies are more common in children, however, a first-time occurrence can happen at any age, or recur after many years of remission. There is a tendency for allergies to occur in families, although the exact genetic factors ...
Anatomy and Development of the Mouth and Teeth
Anatomy and Development of the Mouth and Teeth Children's teeth begin developing in the fetus. Good nutrition from the mother during pregnancy is important in the development of the teeth. The mother's diet should have adequate amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Certain medications, such as tetracycline, should not be taken by the mother while she is pregnant as these can cause discoloration to the developing teeth of the embryo. There are four main stages of development of the to...
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa (or simply anorexia) is an eating disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and food. People who suffer with this behavior problem have a distorted body image and see themselves as overweight even when their weight is dangerously low. Many people with anorexia use abnormal eating rituals to cope with stress, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Restricting food may give them a sense of control over their lives. Facts about anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa has i...
Antibiotics
Antibiotics What are antibiotics? Antibiotics are powerful drugs used to treat certain illnesses. However, antibiotics do not cure everything, and unnecessary antibiotics can even be harmful. There are two main types of germs that cause most infections. These are viruses and bacteria. Viruses cause: All colds and flu Runny noses Most coughs and bronchitis Most sore throats Antibiotics cannot kill viruses or help you feel better when you have a virus. Bacteria cause: Most ear infections Some sinus infect...
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? ADHD, also called attention-deficit disorder, is a behavior disorder, usually first diagnosed in childhood, that is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and, in some cases, hyperactivity. These symptoms usually occur together; however, one may occur without the other(s). The symptoms of hyperactivity, when present, are almost always apparent by the age of 7 and may be apparent in ...
Bedwetting (Enuresis)
Bedwetting (Urinary Incontinence or Enuresis) What is urinary incontinence (enuresis)? Urinary incontinence (enuresis) is the medical term for bedwetting. Incontinence is accidental or intentional urination in children who are at an age where they should be able to have control of their bladders. Girls usually obtain bladder control before boys do. Incontinence may be diagnosed in girls older than age 5 and in boys who are older than age 6 who are still having urinary control problems. There are differe...
Birthmarks in Infants
Birthmarks in Infants A baby's skin coloring can vary greatly, depending on the baby's age, race or ethnic group, temperature, and whether or not the baby is crying. Skin color in babies often changes with both the environment and health. Some of these differences are just temporary, part of the physical adjustments a baby goes through. Others, such as birthmarks, may be permanent. What are birthmarks? Birthmarks are areas of discolored and/or raised skin that are apparent at birth or within a few weeks...
Bites and Stings
Bites and Stings Regardless of how careful you are about animals in your home, or how many precautions you take when your child is outdoors playing, animal and insect bites and stings may occur. By remaining calm and knowing some basic first-aid techniques, you can help your child overcome both the fear and the trauma of bites and stings. Many different types of bites or stings may require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which w...
Bites and Stings: Animals
Bites and Stings: Animals All animal bites require treatment based on the type and severity of the wound. Whether the bite is from a family pet or an animal in the wild, scratches and bites can become infected and cause scarring. Animals can also carry diseases that can be transmitted through a bite. Bites that break the skin and bites of the scalp, face, hand, wrist, or foot are more likely to become infected. Cat scratches, even from a kitten, can carry "cat scratch disease," a bacterial infection. Ot...
Bites and Stings: Insects
Bites and Stings: Insects Fleas, mites, and chiggers Fleas, mites, and chiggers often bite humans, but are not poisonous. It is sometimes difficult to assess which type of insect caused the bite, or if the rash is caused by poison ivy or other skin conditions. What are the symptoms of a flea, mite, or chigger bite? The following are the most common symptoms of a flea, mite, or chigger bite. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Small, raised skin lesions Pai...
Blisters in Children
Blisters in Children What is a blister? A blister is a bump on the skin containing fluid. Blisters are usually circular in shape. The fluid that forms underneath the skin can be bloody or clear. What causes a blister? Blisters are caused by injury, allergic reactions, or infections, which may include the following: Burns/scalds Sunburns Friction (from a shoe, for example) Contact dermatitis Impetigo (a contagious infection of the skin) Viral infections (including chickenpox and herpes zoster) The sympto...
Bottle-Feeding
Bottle-Feeding Health considerations when bottle-feeding If you decide not to breastfeed, or are unable to breastfeed, commercial iron-fortified formulas can provide adequate nutrition for your infant. Infant formulas contain adequate amounts of protein, calories, fat, vitamins, and minerals for growth. However, formula does not contain the immune factors that are in breast milk. The immune factors that are found in breast milk can help prevent infections. Infants who take enough iron-fortified infant f...
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding Getting started with breastfeeding Nature designed human milk especially for human babies, and it has several advantages over any substitute ever developed. Your milk contains just the right balance of nutrients, and it contains them in a form most easily used by the human baby's immature body systems. Because it was developed for your human baby, your milk also is gentlest on your baby's systems. The process of breastfeeding and your milk change as your baby grows and develops. A newborn'...
Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents
Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents What is bulimia nervosa? Bulimia nervosa, usually referred to as bulimia, is defined as uncontrolled episodes of overeating (bingeing), usually followed by purging (self-induced vomiting), misuse of laxatives, enemas, or medications that cause increased production of urine, fasting, or excessive exercise to control weight. Bingeing, in this situation, is defined as eating much larger amounts of food than would normally be consumed within a short period of time (usually les...
Burns in Children
Burns in Children The latest data available from SAFE KIDS USA indicate the following: Accidental, or unintentional, injury is a leading cause of death among children, teens, and young adults. Leading causes of accidental injury at home are burns, drowning, suffocation, choking, poisonings, falls, and firearms. Burns and fires are the fifth most common cause of accidental death in children and adults, and account for an estimated 3,500 adult and child deaths per year. Nearly 75 percent of all scalding b...
Care of the Mouth and Teeth
Care of the Mouth and Teeth Most pediatric dentists will agree that regular dental care should begin by 1 year of age, with a dental check-up at least twice each consecutive year for most children. Some children may need more frequent evaluations and care. In accordance with this recommendation, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) has provided the following dental checklist for infants and toddlers: Birth to 6 months of age Clean the infant's mouth with gauze or use a soft infant toothbru...
Chickenpox
Chickenpox What is chickenpox? Chickenpox is a highly infectious disease that usually occurs during childhood. By adulthood, more than 90 percent of Americans have had chickenpox. Since the mid-1990s, most children have been vaccinated against the infection. The disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a form of the herpes virus. Transmission occurs from person-to-person by direct contact or through the air by coughing or sneezing. Until 1995, chickenpox infection was a common occurrence, ...
Childhood Immunizations
Childhood Immunizations The importance of immunizations Immunization is key to preventing disease among the general population. Vaccines benefit both the people who receive them, and the vulnerable, unvaccinated people around them, because the infection can no longer spread through the community if most people are immunized. In addition, immunizations reduce the number of deaths and disability from infections, such as measles, whooping cough, and chickenpox. Although children receive the majority of the...
Circumcision
Circumcision What is circumcision? Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the skin covering the end of the penis, called the foreskin. In many cultures, circumcision is a religious rite or a ceremonial tradition. It is most common in Jewish and Islamic faiths. In the United States, newborn circumcision is an elective procedure. The National Center for Health Statistics estimates that about 65 percent of newborn boys undergo circumcision. However, this number varies among socioeconomic, racial, a...
Colic
Colic What is colic? Colic is a problem that affects some babies during the first three to four months of life. It is defined by the "rule of three": crying at least three hours per day, more than three days per week, and for three weeks duration or more. It can be very stressful and frustrating to parents. Colic usually begins suddenly, with loud and mostly continuous crying. What causes colic? Health care providers are not certain what causes colic. There are several theories about why colic may or ma...
Common Childhood Illness and Concerns
Common Childhood Illness and Concerns As a child grows from infancy through adolescence, it is important to promote good health throughout some of the common problems that occur. These can range from diaper rash in babies, to sore throats and sports injuries in older children. Listed in the directory below are some common conditions and illnesses in the growing child, for which we have provided a brief overview. Allergies Respiratory Conditions Infections Skin Conditions Eye Conditions Ear, Nose, and Th...
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis What is conjunctivitis? Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye , is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye. The conjunctiva is the membrane that lines the inside of the eye and also a thin membrane that covers the actual eye. What causes conjunctivitis? There are many different causes of conjunctivitis. The following are the most common causes: Bacteria, including: Staphylococcus aureus Haemophilus influenza Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria gonorrhea Chlamydia trachomatis Viruses...
Constipation in Children
Constipation in Children Click Image to Enlarge What is constipation? Constipation is defined as: A decrease in frequency of bowel movements, compared to a child's usual pattern (some health care providers define constipation as fewer than three bowel movements per week). The passage of hard, oftentimes large-caliber, dry bowel movements. Bowel movements that are difficult or painful to push out. However, normal stool elimination may consist of having a bowel movement three times a day or three times a ...
Croup
Croup What is croup? Croup is a disease caused by a virus, bacteria, allergies, and inhaled irritants that leads to swelling in the airways and problems breathing. A child may have stridor, which is a high-pitched sound usually heard when the child breathes in (inspiration). What causes croup? Croup is most commonly caused by viruses. It is sometimes, but rarely, caused by bacteria, allergies, or reflux from the stomach. Croup is caused by a variety of different viruses. The most common virus is the par...
Dental Health
Dental Health With proper preventive care, such as regular checkups, brushing, flossing, fluoridation, and dental sealants, the risk of dental disease can greatly be reduced. Listed in the directory below you will find additional information regarding preventing oral problems, for which we have provided a brief overview. Anatomy and Development of the Mouth and Teeth Care of the Mouth and Teeth Thumb Sucking Teething Tooth Decay (Caries or Cavities) Orthodontics and Braces
Diaper Dermatitis
Diaper Dermatitis What is diaper dermatitis? Diaper dermatitis, commonly known as diaper rash, is a term used to describe different skin rashes in the diapered area. The rash is usually red, scaling and, rarely, ulcerated. It is most commonly seen in infants between the ages of 9 and 12 months, but may begin within the first 2 months of life. What causes diaper dermatitis? Possible contributors to diaper dermatitis include the following: Irritation - from urine and feces trapped in the diaper. Candida d...
Diarrhea in Children
Diarrhea in Children What is diarrhea? Diarrhea is defined either as watery stool or increased frequency (or both) when compared to a normal amount. It is a common problem that may last a few days and disappear on its own. Diarrhea may be: Acute (short-term, usually lasting several days), which is usually related to bacterial or viral infections. Chronic (long-term, lasting longer than four weeks), which is usually related to functional disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, or may be due to disea...
Discipline
Discipline One of the greatest challenges of raising a child is knowing how to properly provide discipline. Discipline is the way in which parents teach their children how they are expected to behave and what is not acceptable. It is different than punishment, which is an action that is the result of unacceptable behaviors. Discipline is an ongoing, consistent means of teaching your child and structuring his/her behavior. Listed in the directory below you will find some additional information regarding ...
Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions
Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions Children can have many problems with their ears, nose, and throat. In fact, ear infections alone account for millions of doctor's appointments each year. Listed in the directory below are some common conditions of the ear, nose, and throat in the growing child, for which we have provided a brief overview. Otitis Media Swimmer's Ear Nosebleeds Sinusitis Pharyngitis / Tonsillitis
Eating Disorders in Children
Eating Disorders in Children The term eating disorders refers to a variety of disorders. The common feature of all the eating disorders is abnormal eating behaviors. Eating disorders are serious mental health problems and can be life threatening. Many different types of eating disorders require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa
Eye Conditions
Eye Conditions According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Optometric Association, early detection and treatment of many sight-threatening diseases may cure or slow the progression of vision loss. When it comes to children, the most important preventive steps are routine eye examinations, visual screening tests, and preventing eye trauma. Newborns are examined in the nursery for eye infections and eye disorders. Children should receive their first comprehensive eye examination by...
Eye Injury (Black Eye)
Eye Injury (Black Eye) What is ecchymosis or bruising of the eye? Ecchymosis, or more commonly known as a “black eye," usually occurs from some type of trauma to the eye, causing the tissue around the eye to become bruised. Your physician will examine the eye closely to make sure there's no damage to the actual eye itself. What is the treatment for a black eye? Specific treatment for a black eye will be determined by your physician based on: Your age, overall health, and medical history Extent of the in...
Fevers
Fevers What is a fever? A fever is defined by most doctors as a rectal temperature of 100.4 degrees and higher or an oral temperature of 99.6 degrees or higher. The body has several ways to maintain normal body temperature. The organs involved in helping with temperature regulation include the brain, skin, muscle, and blood vessels. The body responds to changes in temperature by: Increasing or decreasing sweat production. Moving blood away from, or closer to, the surface of the skin. Getting rid of, or ...
Fifth Disease
Fifth Disease What is fifth disease? Fifth disease is a viral illness that is associated with an exanthem. Exanthem is another name for a rash or skin eruption that occurs due to an infection or disease. Fifth disease is spread from one child to another through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat. It can also be spread through contact with infected blood. It is moderately contagious and usually does not include a high fever, as seen with some other viral skin conditions. What causes f...
Firearm Safety for Parents
Firearm Safety for Parents It is estimated that about 40 percent of all homes in the U.S. have some type of firearm, of which one in four is a handgun. Access to firearms in the home increases the risk of unintentional firearm-related death and injury among children. Unintentional shootings cause more than 20 percent of all firearm-related deaths in children 14 and under. the highest rate o unintentional firearm-related deaths is in children 10-14 years of age. Most unintentional shootings occur among c...
First-Aid Kit
First-Aid Kit Everyone should have a well-stocked first-aid kit at home, in the car, and in the workplace. You may also want to stock a portable kit (a box or small bag) that can be taken to the site of an emergency. It is important to check your kit regularly to restock items that have been used, and to replace items that are out-of-date. The contents of the kit vary depending upon the number of people it is designed to protect, as well as its intent for use. Recommended contents of a first-aid kit inc...
Food Allergies in Children
Food Allergies in Children What is food allergy? A food allergy is an abnormal response of the body to a certain food. It is important to know that this is different than a food intolerance, which does not affect the immune system, although some of the same symptoms may be present. What causes food allergy? Before having a food allergy reaction, a sensitive child must have been exposed to the food at least once before, or could also be sensitized through breast milk. It is the second time your child eat...
For Parents: Bicycle, In-Line Skating, Skateboard Safety
For Parents: Bicycle, In-Line Skating, Skateboard Safety Safety statistics for bicycles, in-line skating, and skateboards Over 70 percent of children between the ages of five and 14 ride bicycles. In-line skating and skateboarding are also very popular among this age group. Although a great form of exercise, riding a bike, in-line skating, or skateboarding without protective gear can be dangerous. Next to motor vehicle-related injuries, bicycles injure more children than any other consumer product, acco...
Fractures
Fractures What is a fracture? A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. When a fracture occurs, it is classified as either open or closed: Open fracture (also called compound fracture). The bone exits and is visible through the skin, or a deep wound that exposes the bone through the skin. Closed fracture (also called simple fracture). The bone is broken, but the skin is intact. Fractures have a variety of names. Below is a listing of the common types that may occur: Greenstick. This is an i...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)/Heartburn in Children
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)/Heartburn in Children What is GERD? Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic digestive disorder that is caused by the abnormal flow of gastric acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Gastroesophageal refers to the stomach and esophagus, and reflux means to flow back or return. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the return of acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids, back up into the esophagus. GER is very common in infants, though it can occur at any age. It i...
Gastrointestinal Conditions
Gastrointestinal Conditions A healthy digestive system processes the foods and liquids that we eat, replenishing vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats that are vital for the body to function properly. From time to time, infants and children experience digestive conditions, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Listed in the directory below are some common digestive conditions in the growing child, for which we have provided a brief overview. Colic Constipation Diarrhea Reflux Inguinal Hernia
General Principles of Discipline
General Principles of Discipline While every child is different, most children need to be given consistent, clear rules and expectations about behavior. The following are some general principles about discipline: Discipline needs to begin as soon as the child is mobile--pulling up and crawling. Young infants rely on their parents to provide a safe environment. Discipline should be age-focused and should teach age-appropriate behaviors. Try to recognize and praise your child when he or she is being good....
Genitourinary Conditions
Genitourinary Conditions The urinary tract includes the organ system primarily responsible for cleaning and filtering excess fluid and waste material from the blood. The urinary system comprises the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys also function as glands that produce hormones necessary for building red blood cells and regulating blood pressure. Many disorders of the urinary system require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below ar...
Glossary - Pediatrics
Glossary - Pediatrics | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] Acne - a chronic disorder of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Acne is characterized by black heads, pimple outbreaks, cysts, infected abscesses, and (sometimes) scarring. Air bags - safety devices installed in most newer vehicles that inflate to protect the driver and/or passenger in certain collisions....
Head Injury in Children
Head Injury in Children What is a head injury? Head injuries are one of the most common causes of disability and death in children. The injury can be as mild as a bump, bruise (contusion), or cut on the head, or can be moderate to severe in nature due to a concussion, deep cut or open wound, fractured skull bone(s), or from internal bleeding and damage to the brain. The CDC estimates that traumatic brain injury results in almost half a million (473,947) emergency department visits in children up to 14 y...
Headaches in Children
Headaches in Children What is a headache? A headache is pain or discomfort in the head or face area. Headaches can be single or recurrent in nature, and localized to one or more areas of the head and face. What causes a headache? The exact cause of headaches is not completely understood. It is thought that many headaches are the result of tight muscles and dilated, or expanded, blood vessels in the head. Other headaches may be caused by an alteration in the communication between parts of the nervous sys...
Healthy Child Lifestyles
Healthy Child Lifestyles As a child grows from infancy through adolescence, it is important to promote good health through healthy lifestyles and habits. Lifestyles that are learned in childhood are more likely to stay with the child into adulthood. Listed in the directory below are some healthy child lifestyle topics, as well as age-appropriate vision, hearing, and speech development milestones to help parents identify possible problems, for which we have provided a brief overview. Dental Health Nutrit...
Healthy Eating During Adolescence
Healthy Eating During Adolescence What is healthy eating? Eating healthy is an important part of a healthy lifestyle and is something that should be taught at a young age. The following are some general guidelines for helping your adolescent eat healthy. It is important to discuss your adolescent's diet with his or her health care provider before making any dietary changes or placing your adolescent on a diet. Discuss the following healthy eating recommendations with your adolescent to ensure he or she ...
Healthy Sleep Habits
Healthy Sleep Habits What is normal sleep? The normal amount of sleep varies depending on the age of your child. Age Average nighttime sleep Average daytime sleep Newborns to 3 months eight to nine hours (waking through the night to feed) eight hours 6 to 12 months 10 to 12 hours (usually sleeps through the night) five hours 2 years 10 to 12 hours four hours (fewer naps after 12 months of age) 3 years 10 hours one hour 4 to 6 years 10 hours Usually no nap Helpful tips for healthy sleep habits The follow...
Heat-Related Illnesses (Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke)
Heat-Related Illnesses (Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke) What are heat-related illnesses? Exposure to abnormal or prolonged amounts of heat and humidity without relief or adequate fluid intake can cause various types of heat-related illness. Children and adolescents adjust more slowly than adults do to changes in environmental heat. They also produce more heat with activity than adults, and sweat less. Sweating is one of the body's normal cooling mechanisms. Children and adolescents often do n...
Home Page - Dental and Oral Health
Topic Index Anatomy and Physiology of the Mouth and Teeth Oral Health and Dental Specialists Prevention of Oral Problems Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate Infant Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Toddler Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Preschool and School-Aged Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Adolescent Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Dental Procedures Dental Emergencies Glossary According to the CDC, approximately 500 million Americans visit the dentist each year. Yet, many children and adults needlessly suffer fro...
Home Page - Pediatrics
Topic Index The Pediatrician Well-Care Visits Growth and Development Healthy Child Lifestyles Immunizations Common Childhood Illness and Concerns Glossary Children are not just miniature adults, but individuals with bodies and minds that grow at an amazing rate. In the first year of life, a newborn may grow from seven pounds and 20 inches tall into a toddler whose weight has increased by 200 percent and length by 50 percent. And, in that same year, that same toddler has learned to communicate, walk, eat...
Hordeolum (Stye)
Hordeolum (Stye) What is a hordeolum (stye)? A hordeolum, also known as a stye, is an inflammation of part of the eyelash. This condition is seen more often in children than in adults. What causes a stye? A stye is caused by an infection in the sebaceous (oil producing) or sweat glands in the eyelid. The infection is usually caused by bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. What are the symptoms of a stye? The following are the most common symptoms of a stye. However, each child may experience symptoms d...
Household Safety Checklist
Household Safety Checklist In order to protect you and your family, a thorough safety check of every room in your home should be conducted on a regular basis. Unintentional accidents, injuries, and nontraumatic emergencies may be prevented and your family will be healthier and safer when you practice a little prevention. The following checklist may be printed so it can be used for the inspection of your home. Adult's Bedroom: ___ Do not leave medications, toiletries, or other household products in drawe...
Impetigo
Impetigo What is impetigo? Impetigo is a superficial infection of the skin caused by bacteria. The lesions are often grouped and have a red base. The lesions open and become crusty and have a "honey color," which is typical of impetigo. Impetigo is contagious and can be spread throughout a household, with children reinfecting themselves or other family members. What causes impetigo? Common bacteria, some of which are found normally on the skin, cause impetigo. When the bacteria enter an open area in the...
Infant Problems of the Teeth and Mouth
Infant Problems of the Teeth and Mouth Many problems that may affect an infant's teeth and mouth require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Natal Teeth Thrush or Candidiasis Teething
Infections
Infections Some infectious conditions are fairly common in childhood and may require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Fevers Measuring a Baby's Temperature Chickenpox Fifth Disease Roseola Mononucleosis Antibiotics
Infectious Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis What is infectious mononucleosis? Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mononucleosis, "mono," or glandular fever, is characterized by swollen lymph glands, fever, sore throat, and chronic fatigue. What causes infectious mononucleosis? Infectious mononucleosis is either caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or the cytomegalovirus (CMV), both of which are members of the herpes virus family. Consider the following information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): In t...
Influenza (Flu) in Children
Influenza (Flu) in Children What is influenza? Influenza (flu) is a highly contagious viral infection and is one of the most severe illnesses of the winter season. An estimated 5 to 20 percent of the population in the U.S. gets influenza each year. Influenza is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, which includes the nose, bronchial tubes, and lungs. Influenza is characterized by the following: Fever Muscle aches Sore throat Nonproductive cough Influenza can make people of any age ill. Alth...
Inguinal and Umbilical Hernia
Inguinal and Umbilical Hernia What is a hernia? A hernia occurs when a section of intestine protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal muscles. A soft bulge is seen underneath the skin where the hernia has occurred. In children, a hernia usually occurs in one of two places: Around the belly button In the groin area A hernia that occurs in the belly button area is called an umbilical hernia . A hernia that occurs in the groin area is called an inguinal hernia . What causes a hernia? A hernia can devel...
Learning Disorders
Learning Disorders What is a learning disorder? A learning disorder is defined as difficulty in an academic area (reading, mathematics, or written expression). The child's ability to achieve in the specific academic area is below what is expected for the child's age, educational level, and level of intelligence. The difficulty experienced by the child is severe enough to interfere with academic achievement or age-appropriate normal activities of daily living. Currently, 2 million U.S. children in public...
Lying and Stealing
Lying and Stealing Lying and stealing are common, but inappropriate, behaviors in school-aged children. While some severe forms of these behaviors can indicate a more serious psychological problem, most of the time it is simply a common behavior that will be outgrown. Lying and stealing are more common in boys than girls, and occur most often in children ages 5 to 8 years. Handling the situation when your child is lying When confronted with a child who is lying, it is important to first remember the chi...
Measuring a Baby's Temperature
Measuring a Baby's Temperature Where should a baby's temperature be taken? Today's digital thermometers make taking a baby's temperature simple, with quick results. For best results in babies and toddlers up to 3 years of age, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends taking the temperature rectally, by placing a thermometer in the baby's anus. This method is accurate and gives a quick reading of the baby's internal temperature. Axillary (underarm) temperature measurements may be used for babies age...
Mental Health Conditions
Mental Health Conditions Many children and adolescents have mental health problems that interfere with their normal development and daily life activities. Some mental health problems are mild, while others are more severe. Some mental health problems last for only short periods of time, while others, potentially, last a lifetime. Listed in the directory below are some mental health disorders that may occur in growing children, for which we have provided a brief overview. Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivit...
Motor Vehicle Safety for Children
Motor Vehicle Safety for Children For children between the ages of 3 and 14, unintentional injury-related deaths occur most often when riding in a car. Children are more likely to be injured, suffer more severe injuries, or die in motor vehicle crashes when they are not properly restrained. According to the National SAFE KIDS Campaign, children under age 4 who ride in motor vehicles unrestrained are twice as likely to die or suffer injuries in a car crash. With proper precautionary measures, such as the...
Neurological Conditions
Neurological Conditions The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It is made up of two major divisions, including the following: Central nervous system. This consists of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system. This consists of all other neural elements. In addition to the brain and spinal cord, principal organs of the nervous system include the following: Eyes Ears Sensory organs of taste Sensory organs of smell Sensory receptors ...
Nightmares and Night Terrors
Nightmares and Night Terrors What are night terrors? A night terror is a partial waking from sleep with behaviors such as screaming, kicking, panic, sleep walking, thrashing, or mumbling. They are harmless and each episode will end in deep sleep. The following are common characteristics of a night terror: Your child is frightened but cannot be awakened or comforted. Your child's eyes are wide open but he/she does not know that you are there. Your child may think objects or persons in the room are scary....
Nosebleeds
Nosebleeds Nosebleeds can be a scary occurrence, but are usually not dangerous. The medical term for nosebleed is epistaxis. They are fairly common in children, especially in dry climates or during the winter months when dry heat inside homes and buildings can cause drying, cracking, or crusting inside the nose. Many times, children outgrow the tendency for nosebleeds during their teenage years. The front part of the nose contains many fragile blood vessels that can be damaged easily. Most nosebleeds in...
Nutrition Index
Nutrition Index Providing adequate and proper nutrition for your growing child is fundamental for normal growth and development. Listed in the directory below you will find additional information regarding age-specific nutritional tips, for which we have provided a brief overview. Infant Nutrition Feeding Guide for the First Year Nutrition: Breastfeeding Nutrition: Bottle-feeding Failure to Thrive Toddler Nutrition Preschooler Nutrition School-Aged Child Nutrition Adolescent Nutrition
Online Resources - Pediatrics
Online Resources - Pediatrics The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or substitute the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. Please consult your child's health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your child's condition. This page contains links to other Internet sites with information about children's health. We hope you find these sites helpful,...
Orthodontics/Braces for Children
Orthodontics/Braces for Children What is orthodontics? Orthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on the development, prevention, and correction of irregularities of the teeth, bite, and jaws. Orthodontists also have specialized training in facial abnormalities and disorders of the jaw. A parent may consult an orthodontist after receiving a referral from their child's general dentist. However, the American Dental Association recommends that every child receive an orthodontic evaluation by the age...
Orthopedic Conditions
Orthopedic Conditions Orthopedics is the branch of medicine concerned with diseases, injuries, and other conditions of the musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system consists of the body's bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Many conditions can affect a child's musculoskeletal system and require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Fractures Sports Injuries Overuse Injuries...
Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)
Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear) What is otitis externa? Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, is an inflammation of the external ear canal. Swimmer's ear is caused by fungi or bacteria. Water that remains trapped in the ear canal (when swimming, for example) may provide a source for the growth of bacteria and fungi. What causes swimmer's ear? Many different factors can increase your child's chance of developing swimmer's ear. As the name implies, one of the factors is excessive wetness as with swimm...
Otitis Media
Otitis Media What is otitis media? Otitis media is inflammation or infection located in the middle ear. Otitis media can occur as a result of a cold, sore throat, or respiratory infection. Facts about otitis media More than 80 percent of children have at least one episode of otitis media by the time they are 3 years of age. Otitis media can also affect adults, although it is primarily a condition that occurs in children. Who is at risk for getting ear infections? While any child may develop an ear infec...
Overuse Injuries
Overuse Injuries An increasing number of boys and girls are playing recreational and organized sports. As a result, there is a rise in the number of overuse injuries seen among children and adolescents. The majority of sports and overuse injuries are due to minor trauma involving soft tissue injuries--injuries that affect the bone, muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons. What are the most common types of overuse injuries? Type of overuse injury Symptoms Possible cause Jumper's knee (patellar tendonitis) Ten...
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis in Children
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis in Children What are pharyngitis and tonsillitis? Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are infections in the throat that cause inflammation. If the tonsils are primarily affected, it is called tonsillitis. If the throat is primarily affected, it is called pharyngitis. A child might even have inflammation and infection of both the tonsils and the throat. This would be called pharyngotonsillitis. These infections are spread by close contact with other individuals. The majority of pharyn...
Poison Ivy / Poison Oak and Children
Poison Ivy / Poison Oak and Children What is poison ivy/poison oak? There are three native American plants that collectively may be called poison ivy: Poison ivy Poison oak Poison sumac These plants can cause an allergic reaction in nearly 85 percent of the population. To be allergic to poison ivy, your child must first be "sensitized" to the plant's oils. This means that the next time there is contact with the plant, a rash may occur. What causes an allergic reaction? The resin in the plants contains a...
Poisoning
Poisoning Sometimes, accidental poisonings can be treated in the home following the direction of a poison control center or your child's physician. At other times, emergency medical care is necessary. Swallowed poison If you find your child with an open or empty container of a toxic substance, your child may have been poisoned. Stay calm and act quickly: Get the poison away from the child. If the substance is still in the child's mouth, make him/her spit it out or remove it with your fingers (keep this ...
Preschooler Nutrition
Preschooler Nutrition Helpful feeding information for your preschooler Preschool-age children (ages 4 to 5) are still developing their eating habits and need encouragement to eat healthy meals and snacks. These children are eager to learn, especially from other people and will often imitate eating behaviors of adults. They need supervision at mealtime as they are still working on chewing and swallowing skills. The following are some helpful mealtime hints for preschool-age children: Prepare meals, provi...
Respiratory Conditions
Respiratory Conditions Respiratory conditions can include a variety of problems, such as colds, flu, runny noses, and coughs. Many different respiratory disorders require clinical care of a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Asthma Croup Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, or Common Cold) Influenza
Roseola
Roseola What is roseola? Roseola is a viral illness that results in a viral exanthem. Exanthem is another name for a rash or skin eruption. Roseola is a contagious disease marked by a high fever and a rash that develops as the fever decreases. The disease is also called roseola infantum, because it most commonly affects infants and older babies. What causes roseola? Roseola is probably caused by more than one virus. The most common cause appears to be human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6). It occurs mostly in ch...
Safety and Injury Prevention for Children
Safety and Injury Prevention for Children Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death among children ages 14 and younger, according to the National SAFE KIDS campaign. Although this death rate has declined over the years (43 percent between 1987 and 2004), children remain at risk for unintentional injury-related death and disability. Unfortunately, one in every four children each year suffers injuries that are serious enough to require medical attention -- this translates into more than 14 millio...
School-Aged Child Nutrition
Nutrition: School-Age Helpful feeding information for your school-age child School-age children (ages 6 to 12) continue to need healthy foods and nutritious snacks. They have a consistent but slow rate of growth and usually eat four to five times a day (including snacks). Many food habits, likes, and dislikes are established during this time. Family, friends, and the media (especially TV) influence their food choices and eating habits. School-age children are often willing to eat a wider variety of food...
Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap)
Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap) What is seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)? Also called cradle cap, seborrheic dermatitis in the infant is characterized by fine white scales. However, seborrheic dermatitis can also occur in the diaper area, face, neck, and trunk. Seborrheic dermatitis in this age group usually clears within the first year. What causes cradle cap? The exact cause of this skin condition is not known. What does cradle cap look like? The following are the most common signs and symptoms o...
Seizures and Epilepsy in Children
Seizures and Epilepsy in Children What is epilepsy? Epilepsy is a neurological condition involving the brain that makes people more susceptible to having recurrent unprovoked seizures. It is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system and affects people of all ages, races and ethnic background. According to the Epilepsy Foundation of America, nearly 3 million Americans live with epilepsy. Anything that interrupts the normal connections between nerve cells in the brain can cause a seizure; thi...
Sinusitis in Children
Sinusitis in Children What are sinuses? The sinuses are cavities, or air-filled pockets, near the nasal passage. Like the nasal passage, the sinuses are lined with mucous membranes. There are four different types of sinuses: Ethmoid sinus. Located inside the face, around the area of the bridge of the nose. This sinus is present at birth, and continues to grow. Maxillary sinus. Located inside the face, around the area of the cheeks. This sinus is also present at birth, and continues to grow. Frontal sinu...
Skin Conditions
Skin Conditions The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering the entire body. As the outer protective covering of the body, it is exposed to the environment, making it vulnerable to growths, rashes, discolorations, cysts, burns, injuries, infections, and other disorders. Many common skin disorders require the clinical care of a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Acne Birthmarks Bites and Stings Bites an...
Sleep
Sleep Sleep is an essential part of your growing child's health. The amount of sleep needed changes as the child grows older. Newborns sleep approximately 16 to 17 hours a day, while preschoolers need only about 12 hours a day. Normal sleep has two parts: rapid eye movement (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM). REM is an active form of sleep that is not as deep as NREM sleep. Dreams often happen during REM sleep. NREM sleep is a deep sleep. There are less body movements during this phase and the child...
Sports Injuries and Children
Sports Injuries and Children Obviously, some sports are more dangerous than others. For example, contact sports such as football can be expected to result in a higher number of injuries than a noncontact sport such as swimming. However, all types of sports have a potential for injury, whether from the trauma of contact with other players or from overuse or misuse of a body part. Listed below are some sports injuries that are common in the growing child, for which we have provided a brief overview. Stati...
Sports Safety for Children
Sports Safety for Children Participating in sports is great for children both physically and psychologically. Sports can increase a child's physical coordination, fitness, and self-esteem. In addition, sports can teach children about teamwork and self-discipline. However, because children's bodies are still growing and their coordination is still developing, children are more susceptible to sports injuries. Approximately 3.5 million children ages 14 and younger are treated for sports-related injuries ea...
Sprains and Strains in Children
Sprains and Strains in Children The majority of sports injuries are caused by minor trauma involving muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons, including: Contusions (bruises) Sprains Strains The most commonly sprained or strained joint is the ankle. The three ligaments involved in ankles sprains or strains include the following: Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Click Image to Enlarge Sprains or strains are uncommon in younger children because their growth p...
Sunburn
Sunburn What is sunburn? Sunburn is a visible reaction of the skin's exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the invisible rays that are part of sunlight. The signs of a sunburn may not appear for a few hours, and the full effect to your skin may take up to 24 hours to appear. Ultraviolet rays can also cause invisible damage to the skin. Excessive and/or multiple sunburns cause premature aging of the skin and lead to skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the US, and exposure to t...
Teething
Teething What is teething? A baby's first tooth usually appears between the ages of five and seven months. Some babies get their first tooth a little earlier and others a little later. Often, the two middle bottom teeth come through the gums first, followed by the middle four upper teeth. By the time children are 30 months (two and one-half years) old, all 20 baby teeth are usually present. Teething is the process of teeth moving and breaking through the gums. This is a normal developmental stage for yo...
Television and Children
Television and Children As children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced by what they see and hear, especially television. While television programs can be educational, many children watch too much television. TV programs can show children violent behavior that you do not want them to imitate, or that can cause fear. TV may also show children poor eating habits through commercials for high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. Too much TV watching can also take away time from reading, studying, learni...
Temper Tantrums
Temper Tantrums What are temper tantrums? Temper tantrums are a way a young child lets out strong emotions before he or she is able to express them in socially acceptable ways. Although a child may seem totally out of control, these fits of rage, stomping, screaming, and throwing himself or herself to the floor are a normal part of childhood development. Temper tantrums often occur only with a parent. They are a way a child communicates his or her feelings. Parents can learn from their child by understa...
The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months
The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months How much will my baby grow? While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls 1 to 3 months of age: Weight: average gain of about 1½ to 2 pounds each month Height: average growth of over 1 inch each month Head size: average growth of about ½ inch each month What can my baby do at this age? As your baby begins to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that develop. Babies at this age begin to relax the tight mu...
The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months
The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months How much will my baby grow? While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls 10 to 12 months of age: Weight: average gain of about 13 ounces each month, birthweight is tripled at one year Height: average growth of about 1/2 inch each month Head size: average growth of about 1/4 inch each month What can my baby do at this age? As your baby continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that develop. Whi...
The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds
The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds After a baby's first birthday, the rate of growth begins to slow down. The baby is now a toddler and is very active. What can my baby do at this age? As your baby continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that develop. While babies may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones your baby may reach in this age group: Walks alone by 15 months, then begins to run Can stop, squat, then stand again Sits down on small stool o...
The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds
The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds How much will my child grow? After a child's second birthday, the rate of growth continues to slow. Two-year-olds are very active and begin to lose the appearance of a baby. While all children may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for 2-year-old boys and girls: Weight: average gain of about 4 to 6 pounds per year Height: average growth of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch each month What can my child do at this age? As your child continues to grow, you will...
The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds
The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds How much will my child grow? In 3-year-olds, growth is still slow compared to the first year. Most children have become slimmer and lost the rounded tummy of a toddler. While all children may grow at a different rate, the following indicate the average for 3-year-old boys and girls: Weight: average gain of about 4 to 6 pounds per year Height: average growth of about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 inches per year After age two, children of the same age can noticeably vary in height and wei...
The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months
The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months How much will my baby grow? While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls 4 to 6 months of age: Weight: average gain of 1 to 1¼ pounds each month; by 6 months has doubled birthweight Height: average growth of ½ to 1 inch each month Head size: average growth of about ½ inch each month What can my baby do at this age? This age is very social and babies begin moving in much more purposeful ways. While babies may progre...
The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months
The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months How much will my baby grow? While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls 7 to 9 months of age: Weight: average gain of 1 pound each month; boys usually weigh about ½ pound more than girls; 2½ times the birthweight by 8 months Height: average growth of about ½ inch each month Head size: average growth of about ¼ inch each month What can my baby do at this age? Babies are rapidly developing their physical abilities a...
The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years)
The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) How much will my adolescent grow? The teenage years are also called adolescence. Adolescence is a time for growth spurts and puberty changes. An adolescent may grow several inches in several months followed by a period of very slow growth, then have another growth spurt. Changes with puberty (sexual maturation) may occur gradually or several signs may become visible at the same time. There is a great amount of variation in the rate of changes that may occur...
The Growing Child: Newborn
The Growing Child: Newborn How much will my baby grow? In the first month of life, babies usually catch up and surpass their birthweight, then steadily continue to gain weight. A weight loss up to about 10 percent of birthweight is normal in the first two to three days after birth. However, the baby should have gained back to his or her birthweight by about the 10th or 11th day. While all babies may grow at a different rate, the following indicates the average for boys and girls up to 1 month of age: We...
The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years)
The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years) What can my child do at this age? As your child continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that your child develops. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones children may reach in this age group: 4-year-olds: Sings a song Skips and hops on one foot Catches and throws a ball overhand Walks downstairs alone Draws a person with three separate body parts Builds a block tower with 10 blocks U...
The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years)
The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years) What can my child do at this age? As your child continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that your child develops. While children may progress at different rates and have diverse interests, the following are some of the common milestones children may reach in this age group: 6- to 7-year-olds: Enjoys many activities and stays busy Likes to paint and draw May lose first tooth Vision is as sharp as an adult's vision Practices skills in ord...
The Pediatrician
The Pediatrician What is a pediatrician? A pediatrician is a child's doctor who provides: Preventive health maintenance for healthy children. Medical care for children who are acutely or chronically ill. Pediatricians manage the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of their patients, in every stage of development, in good health or in illness. Generally, pediatricians focus on babies, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth to age 21 years to: Reduce infant and child mortality. Control ...
Thumb Sucking
Thumb Sucking Thumb sucking is one of the most common habits of children. The habit starts early in life, with 90 percent of newborns showing some form of hand sucking by two hours of age. Thumb sucking is normal in infants and young children and should cause no permanent problems if it is not continued past the age of 5. Likewise, it is generally harmless for infants to use pacifiers. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry states that most children stop thumb sucking on their own between the ages ...
Time-Out
Time-Out Guidelines for time-out Time-out is a type of discipline that is used to stop a child from performing a bad behavior "isolating" the child for a period of time. Time-out helps establish that the parent is in charge, and allows the child to think about what he or she has done. Time-outs are useful for aggressive and harmful behaviors in toddlers and preschool-aged children. Where should a time-out occur? The place for time-out to occur should be chosen ahead of time, not at the time of the behav...
Toddler Nutrition
Nutrition: Toddler Helpful feeding information for your toddler The toddler (ages 1 to 3) phase can often be challenging when it comes to feeding. Several developmental changes occur at this time. Toddlers are striving for independence and control. Their growth rate slows down and with this comes a decrease in appetite. These changes can make mealtime difficult. It is important for parents to provide structure and set limits for the toddler. The following are suggestions to help manage mealtimes so that...
Toilet-Training
Toilet-Training What is toilet training? Toilet-training is teaching your child to recognize his or her body signals for urinating and having a bowel movement and using a potty chair or toilet correctly and at the appropriate times. When should toilet-training begin? Toilet-training should begin when the child shows signs that he or she is ready. There is no right age to begin. If you try to toilet train before your child is ready, it can be a battle for both you and your child. The ability to control b...
Tooth Decay (Caries or Cavities) in Children
Tooth Decay (Caries or Cavities) in Children What is tooth decay (caries or cavities)? Tooth decay (destruction of tooth structure) is the disease known as caries or cavities. Tooth decay is one of the most common disorders, second only to the common cold. It's also a highly preventable disease caused by bacteria and many contributing factors. It can occur when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches), such as milk, soda, raisins, candy, cake, fruit juices, cereals, and bread, are left on th...
Topic Index - Pediatrics
Topic Index - Pediatrics Pediatrics Home The Pediatrician Well-Care Visits Growth and Development The Growing Child: Newborn The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years) The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years) The Growing Child: Adolescent (13 to 18 Years) Healthy Child Lifes...
Toy Safety
Toy Safety Billions of toys to amuse children of all ages are sold each year in the U.S. Unfortunately, toys also are associated with thousands of injuries each year, some of which result in death. Children under age 3 are especially at risk for injury from toys. Injuries can range from falling, choking, strangulation, burning, drowning, and even poisoning. However, the leading cause of toy-related death is choking, usually on latex balloons. Injury often results when a toy is misused or used by childre...
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI or Common Cold)
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI or Common Cold) What is an upper respiratory infection (URI)? An upper respiratory infection (URI), also known as the common cold, is one of the most common illnesses, leading to more doctor visits and absences from school and work than any other illness every year. It is estimated that during a one-year period, people in the U.S. will suffer one billion colds. Caused by a virus that inflames the membranes in the lining of the nose and throat, colds can be the result of ...
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) What are urinary tract infections (UTIs)? Urinary tract infections describe a health problem that results from a bacterial infection along the urinary tract. Who is affected by urinary tract infections? Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year and account for more than 1 million visits to pediatricians' offices every year. UTIs are uncommon in children younger than age 3 to 5, but unlikely in boys at any age, unless ...
Vision Milestones
Vision Milestones Vision normally sharpens as a baby matures into childhood. However, vision problems may be suspected in children who are not responding to their environment properly. The following are some age-related guidelines that may help to decide if your child is having vision problems. It is important to remember that not every child is the same, and some children may reach milestones at different ages. Consult your child's physician if you are suspicious that your child is not seeing correctly...
Vision, Hearing and Speech Overview
Vision, Hearing, and Speech Overview Vision, hearing, and speech are an important part of your child's life. When an infant first emerges into the world, his/her eyesight is immature, later developing the ability to focus. Hearing appears early in fetal development and is necessary for proper progression of speech and language. Monitoring your child's ability to see, hear, and speak is an important part of the health of your growing child. The American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Optometric A...
Vision, Hearing, and Speech Milestones
Vision, Hearing, and Speech Milestones Listed in the directory below you will find additional information regarding your child's vision, hearing, speech, and language development, for which we have provided a brief overview. Vision, Hearing and Speech Overview Vision Milestones Hearing Milestones Speech Milestones
Warts in Children
Warts in Children What are warts? Warts are non-cancerous skin growths caused by the papillomavirus. Warts are more common in children than adults, although they can develop at any age. Warts can spread to other parts of the body and to other persons. There are many different types of warts, due to many different papillomavirus types (more than 100). Warts are not painful, except when located on the feet. Most warts go away, without treatment, over an extended period of time. Common types of warts The f...
Well-Care Visits
Well-Care Visits What is a well-care visit? In addition to taking your child to the physician when your child is ill, or needs an examination to participate in a particular activity, routine well-care visits are recommended. Well-care, well-baby, or well-child visits are routine visits to the child's physician for the following reasons: Physical examinations Immunization updates Tracking growth and development Finding any problems before they become serious Information on health and safety issues Inform...
Your Child's Growth and Development
Your Child's Growth and Development Understanding your child's changing and emerging growth and development is an important part of parenting. As infants and children progress through a series of growth stages, they may encounter physical and emotional challenges, and some relatively common problems during these years. Growth and development includes not only the physical changes that will occur from infancy to adolescence, but also some of the changes in emotions, personality, behavior, thinking, and s...
|
FIND A PHYSICIAN
WELLNESS LECTURES & EVENTS
CONTACT US
 |
Visit Us
2170 South Ave.
South Lake Tahoe, CA
96150
|
|
SEARCH HEALTH LIBRARY
FIND A PHYSICIAN
WELLNESS LECTURES & EVENTS
CONTACT US
|
Visit Us
2170 South Ave.
South Lake Tahoe, CA
96150
|
|
|