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Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
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Radiology
Advances in Therapeutic Radiology
Advances in Therapeutic Radiology Like all medical specialties, the field of therapeutic radiology continues to make advances in knowledge and technology. Many newer radiation modalities are being used and studied to find more effective treatments for cancer and other conditions which may be treated with radiation. What are some types of advanced therapies? Some newer therapeutic radiation therapies are described below: Radiation and chemotherapy in combination. It has been discovered that radiation may...
Arteriogram
Arteriogram What is an arteriogram? An arteriogram is an X-ray of the blood vessels called arteries. It is performed to evaluate various vascular conditions, such as an aneurysm (a bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel), stenosis (narrowing of a blood vessel), or blockages. Other names for this procedure are angiogram and arteriography. Fluoroscopy is often used during an arteriogram. Fluoroscopy is the study of moving body structures--similar to an X-ray "movie." A continuous X-ray beam ...
Barium X-Rays (Upper and Lower GI)
Barium X-Rays (Upper and Lower GI) What are barium X-rays? A barium X-ray is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Barium X-rays (also called upper and lower GI series) are used to diagnose abnormalities of the GI tract, such as tumors, ulcers and other inflammatory conditions, polyps, hernias, and strictures. Click Image to Enlarge The use of barium with standard X-rays contributes to the visibility of various characteristics of the GI tract. Barium is a dry, white, cha...
Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy What is brachytherapy? Brachytherapy is radiation treatment that is given inside the patient, as close to the cancer as possible. The radiation is delivered inside the body with radioactive isotopes (chemical elements), inside delivery devices such as wires, seeds, or rods. These devices are called implants. Brachytherapy allows for a higher total dose of radiation over a shorter period of time than does external beam therapy. The radiation dose is concentrated on the cancer cells and less...
Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan
Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan What is a CT or CAT scan? A CT or CAT scan is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, or axial, images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs, and blood vessels. CT scans are more detailed than standard X-rays. In standard X-rays, a beam of energy is aimed at the body part being studied. A plate behind ...
Diagnostic Radiology
Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic radiology is the process of creating images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures with external radiation. Diagnostic radiology techniques include the use of X-ray tubes that emit radiation, radionuclides, ultrasonographic devices, and radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Diagnostic radiology techniques are generally noninvasive, meaning the body is not entered with any equipment or cut open for imaging. However, certain procedures do combine diagnos...
External Beam Therapy
External Beam Therapy What is external beam therapy? External beam therapy is a type of therapeutic radiology that is delivered externally from a machine directed to the cancer inside the patient. Examples of external beam therapy machines include linear accelerators, cobalt machines, or orthovoltage X-ray machines. The type of machine used will be determined by the radiation oncologist. External beam therapy is the type of therapeutic radiology that is used most often. How does external beam therapy wo...
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy What is fluoroscopy? Fluoroscopy is a study of moving body structures--similar to an X-ray "movie." A continuous X-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined, and is transmitted to a TV-like monitor so that the body part and its motion can be seen in detail. Fluoroscopy, as an imaging tool, enables doctors to look at many body systems, including the skeletal, digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems. Fluoroscopy may be performed to evaluate specific areas of the...
Glossary - Radiology
Glossary - Radiology | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] angioplasty - the use of a small balloon on the tip of a catheter inserted into a blood vessel to open up an area of blockage inside the vessel. arteriogram (Also called an angiogram.) - an x-ray of the arteries and veins to detect blockage or narrowing of the vessels. B [return to top] barium - a metallic chemi...
Home Page - Radiology
Topic Index The Radiologist The Radiology Team Diagnostic Radiology Therapeutic Radiology (Radiation Oncology) Interventional Radiology Glossary Radiology is the branch of medicine that uses radioactive substances, electromagnetic radiation, and sound waves to create images of the body, its organs, and structures for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. Images can also show how effectively the body and its internal organs and structures are functioning. Radiology has evolved into a high-tech science ...
Interventional Radiology
Interventional Radiology What is interventional radiology? Interventional radiologists are involved in the treatment of the patient, as well as the diagnosis of disease. They treat an ever-widening range of conditions inside the body from outside the body by inserting various small instruments or tools, such as catheters or wires, with the use of various X-ray and imaging techniques (i.e., CT scanners, MRI scanners, ultrasound scanners). Interventional radiology offers an alternative to the surgical tre...
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) What is an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)? An intravenous pyelogram, also called intravenous urography, is a diagnostic X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. When a contrast dye is injected intravenously (IV), the urinary tract will show up very clearly, which is not seen on regular X-rays. An intravenous pyelogram may be done for many reasons, including the following: To detect kidney tumors To identify blockages or obstructions of the normal flow of urine To detect kidne...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) What is MRI? MRI is a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of a large magnet, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. How does an MRI scan work? The MRI machine is a large, cylindrical (tube-shaped) machine that creates a strong magnetic field around the patient. The magnetic field, along with a radiofrequency, alters the hydrogen atoms' natural alignment in the body. Computers are then used to form a ...
Mammography
Mammography What is mammography (mammogram)? Mammography is an X-ray examination of the breast. It is used to detect and diagnose breast disease in women who either have breast problems such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge, as well as for women who have no breast complaints. The procedure allows detection of breast cancers, benign tumors, and cysts before they can be detected by palpation (touch). Mammography cannot prove that an abnormal area is cancer, but if it raises a significant suspicion of ...
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Medicine What is nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine is a specialized area of radiology that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials, or radiopharmaceuticals, to examine organ function and structure. Nuclear medicine imaging is a combination of many different disciplines, including chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer technology, and medicine. This branch of radiology is often used to help diagnose and treat abnormalities very early in the progression of a disease, such as thyroid c...
Online Resources - Radiology
Online Resources - Radiology This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains li...
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) What is positron emission tomography (PET)? Positron emission tomography (PET) is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues. PET is actually a combination of nuclear medicine and biochemical analysis. Used mostly in patients with brain or heart conditions and cancer, PET helps to visualize the biochemical changes taking place in the body, such as the metabolism (the process by which cells change food into energy ...
Radiosurgery
Radiosurgery What is radiosurgery? Radiosurgery, also called stereotactic radiosurgery, is a very precise form of therapeutic radiology. Even though it is called surgery, radiosurgery does not involve actual surgery. Rather, very focused beams of radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, or protons) are used to treat cancerous tissues without a surgical incision or opening. Radiosurgery is called "surgery" because it is a one-session radiation therapy treatment that creates a similar result as an actual surgical p...
The Radiologist
The Radiologist Who is the radiologist? Radiologists are medical doctors (MDs) or doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) who have completed a four year residency in either diagnostic radiology or radiation oncology. A radiologist may act as a consultant to another doctor who is caring for the patient, or act as the patient's primary doctor in treating a disease (such as a radiation oncologist). Following the residency, most radiologists and radiation oncologists become board-certified by the American Boa...
The Radiology Team
The Radiology Team Who are the members of the radiology team? The quality performance of radiology examinations and procedures, along with accurate and timely interpretation of radiology procedure results, is accomplished by a team of various health care professionals. The radiology team includes doctors, technologists, and nurses. What do the radiology team members do? Doctors. The radiology team is led by one or more radiologists, who are doctors specializing in the field of radiology. Radiologists ar...
Therapeutic Radiology (Radiation Oncology)
Therapeutic Radiology (Radiation Oncology) Listed in the directory below are some of the more common therapeutic radiology procedures, for which we have provided a brief overview. Therapeutic Radiology Overview External Beam Therapy Brachytherapy Radiosurgery Advances in Therapeutic Radiology
Therapeutic Radiology Overview
Therapeutic Radiology Overview Therapeutic radiology (also called radiation oncology or radiation therapy) is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with radiation. Oncology is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Radiation in various forms is used to kill the cancer cells by preventing them from multiplying. Therapeutic radiology may be used to cure or control cancer, or to alleviate some of the symptoms associated with cancer. Doctors who treat diseases with...
Topic Index - Radiology
Topic Index - Radiology Radiology Home The Radiologist The Radiology Team Diagnostic Radiology Arteriogram (Angiogram) Barium X-ray (Upper and Lower GI) Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan Fluoroscopy Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Mammogram Ultrafast CT (Computed Tomography) Scan Ultrasound X-ray Nuclear Medicine Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Therapeutic Radiology (Radiation Oncology) Therapeutic Radiology Overview External Beam Therapy Brachytherapy Radiosurgery Adv...
Ultrafast CT (Computed Tomography) Scan
Ultrafast CT (Computed Tomography) Scan What is ultrafast CT? In standard X-rays, a beam of energy is aimed at the body part being studied. A plate behind the body part captures the variations of the energy beam after it passes through skin, bone, muscle, and other tissue. While much information can be obtained from a regular X-ray, a lot of detail about internal organs and other structures is not available. In a computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan, the X-ray beam moves in a circle around the body. Thi...
Ultrasound
Ultrasound What is an ultrasound? An ultrasound procedure is a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) diagnostic procedure used to assess soft tissue structures such as muscles, blood vessels, and organs. Ultrasound uses a transducer that sends out ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency too high to be heard. When the transducer is placed at certain locations and angles, the ultrasonic sound waves move through the skin and other body tissues to the organs and structures within. The sound waves bounce off t...
X-Rays
X-Rays What are X-rays? X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film or digital media. Standard X-rays are performed for many reasons, including diagnosing tumors or bone injuries. X-rays are made by using external radiation to produce images of the body, its organs, and other internal structures for diagnostic purposes. X-rays pass through body structures onto specially-treated plates (similar to camera film) or digital media and a "...
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