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Diseases & Conditions- Adult Health Library
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Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Arthritis
Arthritis What is arthritis? Arthritis and other rheumatic diseases are characterized by pain, swelling, and limited movement in joints and connective tissues in the body. According to the CDC, nearly 50 million people in the U.S. have some form of arthritis or chronic joint symptoms. Arthritis, which literally means inflammation of a joint (where two or more bones meet), actually refers to more than 100 different diseases. Rheumatic diseases include any diseases that cause pain, stiffness, and swelling...
Chronic Pain
Chronic Pain What is pain? Pain is an unpleasant feeling that lets you know that something may be wrong. It is one of the body's warning signals that indicates a problem that needs attention. Pain starts in receptor nerve cells located beneath the skin and in organs throughout the body. When there is an illness, injury, or other type of problem, these receptor cells send messages along nerve pathways to the spinal cord, which then carries the message to the brain. Pain medications work by reducing or bl...
Common Disorders of the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis
Common Disorders of the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis There are many conditions that affect the spine, shoulder, and pelvis, which require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment for Arthritis Avascular Necrosis Bursitis Hip Problems Hip Replacement Surgery Kyphosis Low Back Pain Neck Problems Neck Pain and Problems Torticollis (Wryneck) Whiplash Injury Ost...
Doctors and Specialists
Doctors and Specialists Who treats conditions of the spine, shoulder, and pelvis? Conditions of the spine, shoulder, and pelvis may be treated by your doctor and/or other medical specialists and health care providers. Several doctors from different medical specialties may be involved in the treatment at the same time. This multidisciplinary team approach is particularly important in managing the symptoms of a condition, especially as many symptoms are chronic and change in severity over time. Some of th...
Facts About the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis
Facts About the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Click Image to Enlarge Facts about the spine The vertebral column, also called the spine or backbone, is made up of multiple vertebrae that are separated by spongy disks and classified into four distinct areas. The cervical area consists of seven bony parts in the neck; the thoracic spine consists of 12 bony parts in the back area; the lumbar spine consists of five bony segments in the lower back area; five sacral* bones; and four coccygeal* bones (the number ...
Glossary - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Glossary - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders | A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F | | G | | H | | I | | J | | K | | L | | M | | N | | O | | P | | Q | | R | | S | | T | | U | | V | | W | | X | | Y | | Z | A [return to top] abdominal bracing - technique of tensing the stomach muscles to support the spine. acromion - the roof, or highest point, of the shoulder that is formed by a part of the scapula, or shoulder blade. adhesions - abnormal bands of tissue that grow between the joint surfaces, restricting ...
Hip Problems
Hip Problems What is the hip? Click Image to Enlarge The hip is defined as the region on each side of the pelvis. The pelvis bone is made up of three sections, including the following: Ilium. The broad, flaring portion of the pelvis. Pubis. The lower, posterior part of the pelvis. Ischium. One of the bones that helps form the hip. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows motion and provides stability needed to bear body weight. The socket area, which is inside the pelvis, is called the aceta...
Hip Replacement Surgery
Hip Replacement Surgery What is hip replacement surgery? Click Image to Enlarge Hip replacement, also called total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace a worn out or damaged hip with an artificial joint (prosthesis). This surgery may be considered following a hip fracture (breaking of the bone) or for someone who has severe pain due to arthritis. Hundreds of thousands of artificial hip replacement surgeries are performed yearly. Hip replacement may become necessary if activities such as ...
Home Page - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Topic Index Facts About the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Physicians and Specialists Chronic Pain Common Disorders of the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Glossary The skeletal trunk, that part of the body made up of the spine (back and neck), shoulders, and pelvis, acts as the major support system for the rest of the body. Sometimes called the trunk or the torso, this area of the body is home to weight-bearing bones and joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerve centers that make movement, stability, and ...
Kyphosis
Kyphosis What is kyphosis? A normal spine, when viewed from behind appears straight. However, a spine affected by kyphosis shows evidence of a forward curvature of the back bones (vertebrae) in the upper back area, giving an abnormally rounded or "humpback" appearance. Click Image to Enlarge Kyphosis is defined as a curvature of the spine measuring 50 degrees or greater on an X-ray (a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and orga...
Low Back Pain
Low Back Pain What is low back pain? Click Image to Enlarge Low back pain can range from mild, dull, annoying pain, to persistent, severe, disabling pain in the lower back. Pain in the lower back can restrict mobility and interfere with normal functioning. Low back pain is one of the most significant health problems facing society today. Consider these statistics from the National Institutes of Health: Eight out of ten people have back pain at some time in their life. Back pain is a commo...
Neck Problems
Neck Problems There are many conditions that affect the neck, which require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Neck Pain and Problems Torticollis (Wryneck) Whiplash Injury
Online Resources - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Online Resources - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your cond...
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease in which there is a loss of bone mass and destruction of bone tissue. This process causes weakening of the bones and makes them more likely to break. The bones most often affected are the hips, spine, and wrists. Who is affected by osteoporosis? Osteoporosis affects over 10 million Americans over the age of 50, with women four times more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. Another 34 million Americans over the age of 50 h...
Pelvis Problems
Pelvis Problems What is the pelvis? The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure that supports the spinal column and protects the abdominal organs. It contains the following: Click Image to Enlarge Click Image to Enlarge Sacrum. A spade-shaped bone that is formed by the fusion of five originally separate sacral vertebrae. Coccyx (also called the tail bone). Formed by the fusion of four originally separated coccygeal bones. Three hip bones . These include the following: Ilium. The broad, flaring portion of the...
Rotator Cuff Injury
Rotator Cuff Injury What is rotator cuff injury? The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons that hold the shoulder in place. It is one of the most important parts of the shoulder. The rotator cuff allows a person to lift his or her arms and reach up. An injury to the rotator cuff, such as a tear, may happen suddenly when falling on an outstretched hand or develop over time due to repetitive activities. Rotator cuff tears are also due to aging. What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff tear? Click Im...
Sciatica
Sciatica What is sciatica? Sciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a pain that originates along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the back of the pelvis down the back of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the primary nerve of the leg. It is also the largest nerve in the entire body. What causes sciatica? Usually, sciatica is caused by a herniated disk in the spine that presses on the sciatic nerve. Other causes that may put pressure on the sciatic nerve may include the following: Obesity Poor ...
Scoliosis
Scoliosis What is scoliosis? Click Image to Enlarge A normal spine, when viewed from behind, appears straight. However, a spine affected by scoliosis shows evidence of a lateral, or side-to-side curvature, with the spine looking like an "S" or "C" and a rotation of the back bones (vertebrae), giving the appearance that the person is leaning to one side. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, scoliosis is defined as a curvature of the spine measuring 10 degrees or greater. Scoliosis is a type of sp...
Shoulder Dislocation
Shoulder Dislocation What is dislocation of the shoulder? Click Image to Enlarge Dislocation of the shoulder means the displacement of the upper arm bone (humerus) out of the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is the most frequently dislocated major joint of the body--often caused by a significant force that separates the shoulder joint's ball (the top rounded portion of the upper arm bone, or humerus) away from the joint's socket (glenoid). The shoulder can dislocate in several ways, including the foll...
Shoulder Pain and Problems
Shoulder Pain and Problems What is the shoulder? The shoulder is made up of several layers, including the following: Click Image to Enlarge Bones. The collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus). Joints. Facilitate movement, including the following: Sternoclavicular joint (where the clavicle meets the sternum) Acromioclavicular (AC) joint (where the clavicle meets the acromion) Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint). A ball-and-socket joint that facilitates forward...
Shoulder Problems
Shoulder Problems There are many conditions that affect the shoulder, which require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Shoulder Problems Shoulder Dislocation Shoulder Tendonitis Rotator Cuff Injury
Shoulder Tendonitis
Shoulder Tendonitis What is shoulder tendonitis? Click Image to Enlarge Tendonitis of the shoulder is an inflammation of the rotator cuff and/or biceps tendon. Shoulder tendonitis is usually the result of a tendon being pinched by surrounding structures. Shoulder tendonitis often occurs in certain sports that require the arm to move over the head repeatedly, such as in baseball, weightlifting, racket sports, and certain swimming strokes. The injury may vary from mild inflammation to involvement of most ...
Soft-Tissue Injuries
Soft-Tissue Injuries What are soft-tissue injuries? Many activities can lead to soft-tissue damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The result can be pain, swelling, bruising, and damage. Soft-tissue injuries are classified as the following: Contusions (bruises) Sprains Tendonitis Bursitis Stress injuries Strains Athletes and nonathletes share many similar soft-tissue injuries. What is a contusion? A contusion (bruise) is an injury to the soft tissue often produced by a blunt force, such as a kick, f...
Topic Index - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Topic Index - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders Home Facts About the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Physicians and Specialists Chronic Pain Common Disorders of the Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Treatment for Arthritis Avascular Necrosis Bursitis Hip Problems Hip Replacement Surgery Kyphosis Low Back Pain Neck Problems Neck Pain and Problems Torticollis (Wryneck) Whiplash Injury Osteoporosis Pelvis Problems Sciatica Scoliosis Shoulder ...
Torticollis (Wryneck)
Torticollis (Wryneck) What is torticollis? Torticollis, also known as wryneck, is a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle. What causes torticollis? The exact cause of torticollis is unknown. Congenital muscular torticollis is more likely to occur in firstborn children. This may also be accompanied by a congenital hip dislocation. The cause is likely from intrauterine positioning resulting in injury to the neck muscles. Acquired torticollis may be caused by irritati...
Treatment for Arthritis
Treatment for Arthritis How is arthritis treated? Unfortunately, there is no cure for arthritis. The goal of treatment is often to limit pain and inflammation, while ensuring optimal joint function. Each treatment plan designed by a doctor should be specifically tailored to the individual's type of arthritis, as well as the severity of the condition. Treatment plans often involve both short-term and long-term relief approaches, including the following: Short-term relief Medications. Short-term relief fo...
Whiplash Injury
Whiplash Injury What is whiplash? Whiplash is an injury to the neck caused by the neck bending forcibly forward and then backward, or vice versa. The injury, which is poorly understood, usually involves the muscles, discs, nerves, and tendons in the neck. What causes whiplash? Most whiplash injuries are the result of a collision that includes sudden acceleration or deceleration. Many whiplash injuries occur when a person is involved in a rear-end automobile collision, or as a result of a sports injury, ...
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